This document provides a procedure for evaluating whether the use of process intensification measures for biorefining processes is economically and sustainably viable compared to non-intensified processes. The CWA is intended to be used by biorefinery plant manufacturers, its owners and operators as well as process design engineers. Since conventional refining of plant biomass often needs to process diluted aqueous product streams still containing lots of by-products and impurities, energy- and cost-intensive upstream and downstream processes are essential for product recovery.
Life cycle
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PUBLISHED DS CWA 18129:2024 60.60
Standard published Sep 30, 2026
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